flutter架 构项目基础
This commit is contained in:
崔宝新
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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
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import 'package:flutter_screenutil/flutter_screenutil.dart';
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/// ============================================================
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/// 【AnimationDemoPage】Flutter 动画体系 Demo（4 个区域）
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///
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/// 一、动画体系总览（对标 CSS）：
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/// 1. 隐式动画（ImplicitlyAnimatedWidget） = CSS transition：
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/// 只要属性值变化，组件自己补过渡帧。如 AnimatedContainer/
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/// AnimatedOpacity/AnimatedSwitcher。零 controller，最简单。
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/// 2. 显式动画（AnimationController） = CSS keyframes：
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/// controller 手动驱动（forward/repeat），配合 Tween 定义
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/// 起始值曲线，可精确控制时长/曲线/监听状态。最灵活。
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/// 3. Hero 共享元素转场 = 页面跳转时元素"飞过去"
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/// 4. CustomPaint 自绘 = 用 Canvas 画任意图形
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///
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/// 二、为什么 Flutter 动画要区分隐式/显式：
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/// - 隐式适合"状态切换"（点选变绿、展开收起）——写一行 duration 即可；
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/// - 显式适合"连续/回弹/自定义曲线"（答题对错弹跳、点赞缩放）——
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/// 需要 controller 控制时序；它是单方向的值驱动，方向/起点自己定。
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/// 判断口诀：只需要"A 变成 B 的过渡"→ 隐式；
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/// 需要"按我的节奏动起来"→ 显式 controller。
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///
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/// 三、核心类速查：
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/// - AnimationController(vsync: this)：驱动一切，durations 定义时长；
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/// vsync 必须传（页面 State with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin）
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/// - `Tween<double>(begin, end)`：定义 0→1 之间插值出的值
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/// - CurvedAnimation / CurveTween：套曲线（easeOut/bounceOut...）
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/// - AnimatedBuilder(animation, builder)：监听 controller 重建子树
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/// - TweenSequence：分段动画（先弹大再回弹 = 两个 Tween 按权重拼）
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/// - Hero(tag, child)：页面 A/B 里同 tag 的两个组件自动共享转场
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///
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/// 四、高频坑：
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/// 1. AnimationController 必须在 dispose 里 dispose，且页面必须
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/// with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin（否则报 Ticker 错误）；
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/// 2. 隐式动画组件一定要写 duration，漏了就瞬变没有过渡；
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/// 3. AnimatedBuilder 的 builder 里别放不会变的子组件（重绘浪费），
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/// 不变的子树用 child 参数缓存；
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/// 4. CustomPainter 的 shouldRepaint 要正确比较参数，否则 Slider
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/// 拖动时不重绘（或一直重绘）。
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/// ============================================================
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class AnimationDemoPage extends StatefulWidget {
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const AnimationDemoPage({super.key});
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@override
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State<AnimationDemoPage> createState() => _AnimationDemoPageState();
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}
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class _AnimationDemoPageState extends State<AnimationDemoPage>
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with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
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// ==================== ① 隐式动画状态 ====================
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bool _boxExpanded = false; // 方块是否展开
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// ==================== ② 显式动画（答题反馈） ====================
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/// 唯一 controller：驱动对/错两套动画（forward 到 1.0）
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late final AnimationController _answerCtrl = AnimationController(
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vsync: this,
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duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 500),
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);
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/// 选对：放大 1.0 → 1.25 → 回弹到 1.0（TweenSequence 分段）
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late final Animation<double> _correctScale = TweenSequence<double>([
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TweenSequenceItem(
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tween: Tween(begin: 1.0, end: 1.25)
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.chain(CurveTween(curve: Curves.easeOut)),
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weight: 40,
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),
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TweenSequenceItem(
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tween: Tween(begin: 1.25, end: 1.0)
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.chain(CurveTween(curve: Curves.bounceOut)),
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weight: 60,
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),
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]).animate(_answerCtrl);
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/// 选错：水平抖动 -8 → 8 → -6 → 0
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late final Animation<double> _wrongShake = TweenSequence<double>([
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TweenSequenceItem(
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tween: Tween(begin: 0.0, end: -8.0)
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.chain(CurveTween(curve: Curves.easeOut)),
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weight: 20,
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),
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TweenSequenceItem(tween: Tween(begin: -8.0, end: 8.0), weight: 30),
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TweenSequenceItem(tween: Tween(begin: 8.0, end: -6.0), weight: 30),
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TweenSequenceItem(tween: Tween(begin: -6.0, end: 0.0), weight: 20),
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]).animate(_answerCtrl);
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static const String _question = '属性变化自动产生过渡动画，用哪个组件？';
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static const List<String> _options = [
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'A. AnimationController',
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'B. AnimatedContainer',
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'C. CustomPaint',
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'D. Hero',
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];
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static const int _rightIndex = 1; // 正确答案 B
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int? _selected; // 已选选项（null = 未选）
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bool? _isRight; // 本次选择对不对
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// ==================== ④ CustomPaint 进度环状态 ====================
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double _ringProgress = 0.76; // 0~1，配合 Slider 拖动演示实时重绘
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@override
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void dispose() {
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// 显式动画红线：controller 必须释放
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_answerCtrl.dispose();
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super.dispose();
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}
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/// 点击选项：记录选择并触发对应反馈动画
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void _onPick(int index) {
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setState(() {
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_selected = index;
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_isRight = index == _rightIndex;
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});
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_answerCtrl.forward(from: 0); // 每次从 0 重新播放
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}
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return Scaffold(
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appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('动画体系 Demo')),
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body: SingleChildScrollView(
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padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.w),
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child: Column(
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crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
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children: [
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_buildSectionTitle('① 隐式动画 = CSS transition'),
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_buildImplicitCard(),
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SizedBox(height: 20.h),
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_buildSectionTitle('② 显式动画 = 答题反馈（controller + TweenSequence）'),
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_buildAnswerCard(),
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SizedBox(height: 20.h),
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_buildSectionTitle('③ Hero 共享元素转场'),
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_buildHeroCard(),
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SizedBox(height: 20.h),
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_buildSectionTitle('④ CustomPaint 自绘进度环'),
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_buildRingCard(),
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],
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),
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),
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);
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}
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Widget _buildSectionTitle(String title) {
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return Text(
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title,
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style: TextStyle(
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fontSize: 14.sp,
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fontWeight: FontWeight.w600,
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color: const Color(0xFF3B82F6),
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),
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);
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}
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// ==================== ① 隐式动画卡片 ====================
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/// AnimatedContainer：属性（宽/圆角/颜色）变化自动补过渡帧
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Widget _buildImplicitCard() {
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return Container(
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padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.w),
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decoration: BoxDecoration(
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color: Colors.white,
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borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12.r),
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border: Border.all(color: const Color(0xFFEEF1F5)),
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),
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child: Column(
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crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
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children: [
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const Text('点击方块：宽 / 圆角 / 颜色 三处属性同时变，'
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'AnimatedContainer 自动补过渡'),
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SizedBox(height: 12.h),
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Center(
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child: GestureDetector(
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onTap: () => setState(() => _boxExpanded = !_boxExpanded),
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child: AnimatedContainer(
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// 核心：duration 必须写，否则"瞬变"没有过渡
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duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
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curve: Curves.easeInOut,
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width: _boxExpanded ? 200.w : 120.w,
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height: 90.h,
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decoration: BoxDecoration(
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color: _boxExpanded
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? const Color(0xFF3B82F6)
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: const Color(0xFFFF9800),
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borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(_boxExpanded ? 45.r : 8.r),
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),
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alignment: Alignment.center,
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child: Text(
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_boxExpanded ? '展开了' : '点我',
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style: TextStyle(fontSize: 14.sp, color: Colors.white),
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),
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),
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),
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),
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],
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),
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);
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}
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// ==================== ② 显式动画卡片（答题反馈） ====================
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Widget _buildAnswerCard() {
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return Container(
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padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.w),
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decoration: BoxDecoration(
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color: Colors.white,
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borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12.r),
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border: Border.all(color: const Color(0xFFEEF1F5)),
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),
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child: Column(
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crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
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children: [
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Text(
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_question,
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style: TextStyle(
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fontSize: 15.sp,
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fontWeight: FontWeight.w600,
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color: const Color(0xFF333333),
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),
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),
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SizedBox(height: 12.h),
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for (int i = 0; i < _options.length; i++) ...[
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_buildOption(i),
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if (i < _options.length - 1) SizedBox(height: 8.h),
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],
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SizedBox(height: 12.h),
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if (_selected != null)
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Text(
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_isRight == true ? '✅ 回答正确' : '❌ 回答错误',
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style: TextStyle(
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fontSize: 13.sp,
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fontWeight: FontWeight.w500,
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color: _isRight == true
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? const Color(0xFF22C55E)
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: const Color(0xFFEF4444),
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),
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),
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],
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),
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);
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}
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Widget _buildOption(int index) {
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final isSelected = _selected == index;
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final isRight = isSelected && _isRight == true;
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final isWrong = isSelected && _isRight == false;
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// 选项本体（颜色由选中/对错决定）
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Widget body = Container(
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padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 14.w, vertical: 10.h),
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decoration: BoxDecoration(
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color: isRight
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? const Color(0xFFE8F7EE)
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: isWrong
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? const Color(0xFFFDECEA)
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: Colors.white,
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borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8.r),
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border: Border.all(
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color: isRight
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? const Color(0xFF22C55E)
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: isWrong
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? const Color(0xFFEF4444)
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: const Color(0xFFE5E7EB),
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),
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),
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child: Row(
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children: [
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Icon(
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isRight
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? Icons.check_circle
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: isWrong
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? Icons.cancel
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: Icons.radio_button_unchecked,
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size: 18,
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color: isRight
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? const Color(0xFF22C55E)
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: isWrong
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? const Color(0xFFEF4444)
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: const Color(0xFF9CA3AF),
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),
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SizedBox(width: 8.w),
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Text(
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_options[index],
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style: TextStyle(
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fontSize: 14.sp,
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color: const Color(0xFF333333),
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),
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),
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],
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),
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);
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// 对：用 AnimatedBuilder 包 Transform.scale 做"弹跳放大"
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if (isRight) {
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body = AnimatedBuilder(
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animation: _correctScale,
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// child 缓存不变的子树，避免 builder 反复重建文字
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child: body,
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builder: (context, child) =>
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Transform.scale(scale: _correctScale.value, child: child),
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);
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}
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// 错：水平抖动
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if (isWrong) {
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body = AnimatedBuilder(
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animation: _wrongShake,
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child: body,
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builder: (context, child) =>
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Transform.translate(offset: Offset(_wrongShake.value, 0), child: child),
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);
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}
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return GestureDetector(onTap: () => _onPick(index), child: body);
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}
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// ==================== ③ Hero 转场卡片 ====================
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Widget _buildHeroCard() {
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return Container(
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padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.w),
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decoration: BoxDecoration(
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color: Colors.white,
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borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12.r),
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border: Border.all(color: const Color(0xFFEEF1F5)),
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),
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child: Column(
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crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
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children: [
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const Text('点击封面 → 共享元素飞到详情页（Hero 同 tag 配对）'),
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SizedBox(height: 12.h),
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Center(
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child: GestureDetector(
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onTap: () => Navigator.of(context).push(
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MaterialPageRoute(
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builder: (_) => const _HeroDetailPage(),
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),
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),
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child: Hero(
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// 页面 A/B 中 tag 相同 → 转场时自动共享动画
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tag: 'hero-demo-cover',
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child: Container(
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width: 120.w,
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height: 72.h,
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decoration: BoxDecoration(
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gradient: const LinearGradient(
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begin: Alignment.topLeft,
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end: Alignment.bottomRight,
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colors: [Color(0xFF3B82F6), Color(0xFF8B5CF6)],
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),
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borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12.r),
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),
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alignment: Alignment.center,
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child: const Icon(Icons.school, color: Colors.white, size: 32),
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),
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),
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),
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),
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],
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),
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);
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}
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// ==================== ④ CustomPaint 进度环卡片 ====================
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Widget _buildRingCard() {
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return Container(
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padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.w),
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decoration: BoxDecoration(
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color: Colors.white,
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borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12.r),
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border: Border.all(color: const Color(0xFFEEF1F5)),
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),
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child: Column(
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crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
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children: [
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const Text('CustomPainter 画圆弧 + 居中文字（拖动滑块实时重绘）'),
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SizedBox(height: 12.h),
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Center(
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child: SizedBox(
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width: 120.w,
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height: 120.w,
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child: CustomPaint(
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painter: _ProgressRingPainter(
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progress: _ringProgress,
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color: const Color(0xFF3B82F6),
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),
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child: Center(
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child: Text(
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'${(_ringProgress * 100).round()}%',
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style: TextStyle(
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||||
fontSize: 20.sp,
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fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
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color: const Color(0xFF333333),
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),
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),
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),
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),
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),
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),
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SizedBox(height: 8.h),
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Slider(
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value: _ringProgress,
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onChanged: (v) => setState(() => _ringProgress = v),
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),
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],
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),
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);
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}
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}
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/// Hero 详情页：同 tag 的大图（转场时封面"飞"到这里的尺寸）
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class _HeroDetailPage extends StatelessWidget {
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const _HeroDetailPage();
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@override
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Widget build(BuildContext context) {
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return Scaffold(
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appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Hero 详情页')),
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body: Center(
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child: Hero(
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tag: 'hero-demo-cover',
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child: Container(
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width: 280.w,
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||||
height: 168.h,
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||||
decoration: BoxDecoration(
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gradient: const LinearGradient(
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||||
begin: Alignment.topLeft,
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end: Alignment.bottomRight,
|
||||
colors: [Color(0xFF3B82F6), Color(0xFF8B5CF6)],
|
||||
),
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||||
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(16.r),
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),
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alignment: Alignment.center,
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||||
child: const Icon(Icons.school, color: Colors.white, size: 64),
|
||||
),
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||||
),
|
||||
),
|
||||
);
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||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// 自绘进度环：CustomPainter 在 Canvas 上画两段圆弧
|
||||
class _ProgressRingPainter extends CustomPainter {
|
||||
const _ProgressRingPainter({required this.progress, required this.color});
|
||||
|
||||
/// 进度 0.0 ~ 1.0
|
||||
final double progress;
|
||||
final Color color;
|
||||
|
||||
@override
|
||||
void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {
|
||||
// 圆环几何：内缩一个线宽，让笔画完整落在画布内
|
||||
const stroke = 10.0;
|
||||
final rect = Offset.zero & size;
|
||||
final arcRect = rect.deflate(stroke / 2);
|
||||
// 背景环（浅灰，画满 360°）
|
||||
final bgPaint = Paint()
|
||||
..style = PaintingStyle.stroke
|
||||
..strokeWidth = stroke
|
||||
..color = const Color(0xFFE5E7EB);
|
||||
canvas.drawArc(arcRect, -0.5 * 3.14159, 2 * 3.14159, false, bgPaint);
|
||||
// 前景环（从 12 点方向顺时针画 progress 的比例）
|
||||
final fgPaint = Paint()
|
||||
..style = PaintingStyle.stroke
|
||||
..strokeWidth = stroke
|
||||
..strokeCap = StrokeCap.round // 圆头端点
|
||||
..color = color;
|
||||
canvas.drawArc(
|
||||
arcRect,
|
||||
-0.5 * 3.14159, // 起点：-90° = 12 点方向
|
||||
2 * 3.14159 * progress,
|
||||
false,
|
||||
fgPaint,
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// 滑块拖动时参数变了才重绘（返回 true = 重绘）
|
||||
@override
|
||||
bool shouldRepaint(_ProgressRingPainter oldDelegate) {
|
||||
return oldDelegate.progress != progress || oldDelegate.color != color;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user